Psychological And Sociological Factors Of Stress - 1558 Words

Introduction Stress is defined as ‘any situation which tends to disturb the equilibrium between a living organism and its environment’1. Equilibrium is restored through biological actions such as hormone secretion which lead to physiological changes that prepare one for the fight or flight response. As a junior doctor, Mark is exposed every day to many stressors such as death, suffering and long hours. There are also many psychological and sociological factors in the work environment which can further impact Mark’s stress. It is therefore vitally important for new junior doctors like Mark to be able to manage their stress and ask for help if they are unable to cope. Major hormones of the stress response and their actions on the body The†¦show more content†¦CRF is the main regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus4. It is released into the anterior posterior gland where it binds to receptors on pituitary corticotropes which stimulate the release of ACTH. ACTH mainly targets the adrenal cortex where it stimulates production of glucocorticoids5 by increasing RNA, DNA and protein synthesis3. The second wave is slower and involves steroid hormones, such as glucocorticoids2, more specifically cortisol in humans5. Glucocorticoids bind to glucocorticoid receptors which are found in the majority of tissues3. Thus they have a wide range of targets and actions, and so regulate metabolic, cardiovascular, immune and behavioural processes2. One which is relevant to responding to stress is the target of the adrenal medulla which when targeted increases PMNT expression and activity which stimulates epinephrine synthesis3. Another important target is the liver where the effect is an increased expression of gluconeogenic enzymes3 which helps to increase metabolic activity. The heart is also a target where the effect is increased contractility3. Acute stress can also lead to secretion of other hormones. Vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone, is rapidly released from the PVN of the hypothalamus1. Its role is to helpShow MoreRelatedAn Sociological And Psychological Aspects Of The Communication Process1199 Words   |  5 Pagessuccessful communication and explain how interference can affect communication by using one of the communication models by looking at the impact communication had on the receiver, explaining factors like Source, Nature, Level, Time, Frequency, Use, Form and Type. Critically evaluate the sociological and psychological aspects of modern communication methods. 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